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Latest：2020 02 27 Day21
当前战绩：17胜 4败
2020/2/8 Sat lantern festival
Most researchers reported having pride in their institutions and passion for their work, but spoke of the high personal toll of their environment. Many accepted that pressure and long hours came with the territory. But researchers said that the situation was worsening and that the negative aspects were no longer offset by job security and the ability to work autonomously, flexibly and creatively.
What can be inferred from the text?
A.Most researchers are substantially underpaid.
B.Job security cannot cancel out adverse aspects.
C.Most researchers have regular working hours.
D.Scientists were no longer respected by the public.
my answer:B
words:
- territory: n. 领土，领域；范围；地域；版图
- toll: 损失，伤害
- offset: 抵消，消解 = cancel out
- autonomously: adv. 自治地；独立自主地
understanding:
- long hours 指加班
- 状语to work autonomously, flexibly and creatively定语修饰ability
2020/2/9 Sun
Consider how life-enhancing — and even life-saving — technologies have failed to be taken up. ‘Vaccine hesitancy’ is more a social phenomenon than a technical one, and the main cause of measles return. Solutions depend not on medical breakthroughs, but on insight from anthropologists, who have done much to understand people’s decisions about whether to vaccinate themselves and their children.
思考题：
According to the author, solutions of measles return depends on______.
A.the efforts of social science researchers
B.the novel medical achievements
C.the insight and belief of the public
D.the effects of vaccination.
my answer:
C(true answer:A)
词汇：
Anthropologists 人类学家 （不认识这个词吧，这是一个大纲词汇，他们就是社会而科学研究者=Social science researchers）
vaccinate （动词：接种疫苗）名词形式=vaccination
insight 洞见
2020/2/10 Mon
In a 2018 survey by Internet Retailer, shipping charges were cited as the most common reason shoppers abandon their carts, topping the complaint list for nearly a third of respondents, ahead of things like not wanting to create an account and being unsure of the store’s return policy.
思考题：
According to the text, the foremost reason for shoppers to abandon carts is ____
(A) the uncertainty of store’s return policy
(B) the inconvenience of creating an account
(C) the survey by the magazine of Internet Retailer
(D) the policy of shipping charges
My answer:
D
2020/2/11 Tue
The recently published Build Yourself Happy: The Joy of Lego Play promises that getting hands-on can improve your cognitive skills and allow you to practise mindfulness. For many, it is a reaction to the stresses of modern adult life, a relief from the constant mediation of experience through a screen, and a rare opportunity to be in undisputed charge of things.
思考题：
What is the author’s attitude toward adult Lego playing?
A. stressful
B. indispensable
C. supportive
D. dubious
My answer:
C
indispensable adj. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的；责无旁贷的
undisputed a.不容置疑的
dubious 意为“可疑的，暧昧的
mindfulness n.留意，关注；意识，觉察；正念，专注力
mediation 协调，斡旋，调解
2020/2/12 Wed
In theory, the U.S. patent system, which gives manufacturers sole rights to a drug formulation for 20 years, should eventually enable other drug producers to bring cheaper versions of the same medication to the market. But companies skirt this by “evergreening” their drugs—adjusting drug formulas slightly, often making gradual improvements, to renew the patent and prevent generics (仿制药) from entering the market.
思考题：
The practice of “evergreening” their drugs shows _____
A.the inadequacy of U.S. patent system.
B.the ineffectiveness of generics.
C.the fierce competition of drug market.
D.the lower price of patented drugs.
Sole: 独自，独占
Skirt: 绕开，规避
inadequacy 不足。
evergreen 常青树
2020/2/13 Thu
今天的句子：
Much has been written about the trash problem created by the billions of disposable plastic drinking-water bottles sold each year in the U.S. Far less is understood about the contents of those bottles. Bottled water was an $18.5 billion (wholesale) industry in the U.S. in 2017, but under Presidents of both parties, FDA oversight has been lightly staffed.
思考题：
What is the most probable topic of this text?
A.Trash disposal problems.
B.Federal agency reform.
C.Safety of bottled water.
D.Infrastructure improvement.
My answer:
C
lightly staffed 人员配备不足
oversight 监督
Over-staffed=overmanned 人员过剩
2020/2/14 Fri Valentine’s Day
While it makes sense to be worried about the climate emergency, becoming overwhelmed is counterproductive. The sound advice from psychologists that actions, however small, can help to alleviate feelings of distress and powerlessness echoes the experiences of activists, that “the minute you start doing something, the depression goes away”.
思考题：
According to the text，the experiences of activists show that __.
A.It is not productive to worry about climate.
B.It is important to seek professional advice.
C.It reduces emotional suffering to take actions.
D.It makes people feel better to ignore anxiety.
My Answer:
C
becoming overwhelmed : 动名词做主语，不堪重负；过分
counterproductive: adj. 反生产的；使达不到预期目标的 适得其反的
sound advice 合理建议
2020/2/15 Sat
echo 这个词的意思是“呼应，附和，重复，同意”
This view is echoed by many scientists.
(这个观点等到了很多科学家的认同。）
The minute 是一个状语从句的连接词，表示“一…就…”
The minute I see her, I fall in love with her.
Ironically, urbanization is good, even crucial, for the survival of a human-populated planet. Denser cities beat suburban sprawl insofar as they reduce individual carbon footprints. We humans may need exposure to nature, but nature sure as hell doesn’t need exposure to us. The better way forward is to keep living in densely packed places, but use tech and design to weave nature into our indoor world.
思考题：
According to the author, what can be said of urbanization?
A.It encourages human exposure to nature.
B.It creates wholesome conditions for residents.
C.It is a better way for protecting the environment.
D.It is primarily composed of sprawling suburbs.
My answer:
C
crucial: 关键
denser:密集的
insofar as= in so far as 在…方面，在…范围，就…而言
suburban sprawl 城市延伸
sure as hell =surely 当然；确定
weave 编织
2020/2/16 Sun
Even the most benign forms of convenience afforded by our devices—like the ability to look something up while reading— can work against attention conservation. Finishing a book or a long article requires focusing for lengthy stretches of time. But according to one study, it takes us about 25 minutes to return to a task once we’ve been interrupted.
思考题：
What does the author mean by “benign forms of convenience”?
A. Useful functions.
B. Reading apps.
C. Reference tools.
D .Search features.
My answer:A
benign 善良的，好的; 良性的
Benign tumors 良性肿瘤
反义词是：malignant/adverse
lengthy stretches of time= lengthy stretches
2020/2/17 Mon
The truth, unfortunately, is that few of us really absorb the information we receive. We filter out what we don’t expect or want to hear, and this tendency doesn’t necessarily improve with age. As a result, leaders simply miss a great deal of the information that’s available—a weakness to which top performers are especially vulnerable because overconfidence so often comes with success.
思考题：
The reason that top performers are likely to miss available information is ____ ?
A. the lack of ability
B. being overconfident
C.the weak will
D. the misleading news
my answer: B
filter out 过滤掉
vulnerable脆弱的 易受攻击的
The black women have been discriminated, a fact by which their academic performance is adversely affected.
（which指代fact ,fact 指代前面的句子）
黑人妇女受到歧视，她们的学业受到了这个事实了的不利影响。
=The black women have been discriminated, by which their academic performance is adversely affected.
(which指代前面的句子)
=黑人妇女受到歧视，因此她们的学业受到了不利影响。
2020/2/18 Tue
The danger of this wireless-driven revolution in convenience goes beyond hacking. Unlike the traditional “Internet of Computers,” which is confined to a digital “virtual” world, the Internet of Things has a direct connection to the physical one. That opens up a disturbing set of questions: What might happen if the computers inside ovens, security cameras or smart cities were turned against us?
思考题：
According to the text, what is the potential danger of the Internet of Things?
A. Manufacturers have priced the devices low.
B. The devices would make us too dependent.
C. It is close to us and has serious safety defects.
D. They may rise against us and stage a rebellion.
my answer: C
defects：缺陷
2020/2/19 Wed
Even within mainstream economics, the growth theory is being challenged, and not merely because of a heightened awareness of environmental crisis. In “Good Economics for Hard Times,” two winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics, Abhijit Banerjee and Esther Duflo, point out that a larger G.D.P. doesn’t necessarily mean a rise in human well-being—especially if it isn’t distributed equitably—and the pursuit of it can sometimes be counterproductive.
思考题：
The growth theory is being challenged because__.
A.it fails to ensure the people’s sense of happiness
B.economic growth was promoted inefficiently
C.economists fail to predict the right outcome
D.it is no longer popular among policy-makers
my answer: B true answer:A
orthodoxy :正统理论，传统理论、观点
well-being=sense of happiness
2020/2/20 Thu
The government removed the cap on student numbers, encouraging institutions to compete with each other for applicants: but admissions rose quicker than staff numbers, inevitably reducing the quality of education. There’s another consequence of marketisation: as debt-laden students head for degrees they think will maximize their earning potential, many vital courses suffer. The University of Sunderland is axing its history, politics and foreign language courses, for example, expressing a desire for a more “career-focused and professions-facing” approach.
思考题：
University of Sunderland has cut humanity courses because__.
A. the government makes the rule on it.
B. competent teachers are hard to find
C. they want to attract more applicants
D. these classes are of little significance
my answer:C
debt-laden 负债累累
axing（砍去，减少）
admission: 准入，许可，入场（费、券）、录取…
marketisation 市场化
2020/2/21 Fri
On the surface, the answers to America’s housing crisis are simple: Build more housing and expand subsidies for people who can’t afford what the private market has to offer. But the lack of moderately priced housing is a decades-old problem—and a problem that has resisted numerous efforts to solve it.
思考题：
The author believes that solutions to the housing crisis __.
A. can be easily carried out
B. are hard to be applied
C. are proven to be outdated
D. are shown to be irresistible
my answer: B
coalition 联盟
on the surface 从表面看
subsidies 补助金，补贴
moderately 适度的，中庸的
modest 谦虚的，谦逊的
resist 抵抗，抗拒
resistant 抵抗的，顽固的
persistent 执着的，坚持不懈的
numerous 许多的，很多的
2020/2/22 Sat
News of the laboratory fraud allegations comes at a time of growing fears among consumer and environmentalists that corporate-driven “science” is doing much to protect corporate profits but little to protect public health and safety. When corporations pay for the research, invariably the findings seem to support the safety of whatever products the corporations are trying to sell.
思考题：
Scientific studies sponsored by corporations tend to__.
A. produce unreliable results
B. protect interests of society
C. get published much harder
D. have limited access to data
my answer: A
elude:vt. （尤指机智地，巧妙地）避开，逃避，躲 vt. 使无法得到；使无法达到 vt. 使不记得；使不理解
allegation:n. 主张，断言；辩解
environmentalists: 环保主义者
2020/2/23 Sun
Allegation:指控；说法；
Your name escapes me.
Many colleges—often obscure ones of middling selectivity—have converted to universities in recent years, seemingly in the hopes of raising their profiles. But whether there’s a material distinction between a college and a university depends on whom you ask—and many people don’t know the difference. Yet even so, many people, if only subconsciously, do think of a university as somehow higher quality than a college.
思考题：
It can be inferred from the text that_________.
A.colleges are much cheaper than universities
B.most people prefer university to college
C.the British do not use the word “college”
D.it cost nothing to change school name
My answer: B
obscure :adj. 昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的vt. 使…模糊不清，掩盖；隐藏；使难理解n. 某种模糊的或不清楚的东西
caliber : n. [军] 口径；才干；水准（等于calibre）；器量
2020/2/24 Mon
middling selectivity =选材标准位于中游的
obscure：不出名的
The house of Windsor is perpetually said to be in “crisis.” Not because it is but because this is the language that headline writers prefer. For examples of monarchies that have been in crisis, we might remember the royal families of Russia, Germany, Italy, and Greece, among others. By comparison not just with these, but with almost every other institution on earth, the British royal family is an unparalleled success.
思考题：
According to the author, the British royal family is often said to be in crisis because__.
A.its members are involved in scandals
B.news media want to draw attention
C.it is the most successful royal house
D.it features frequently in the front page
my answer: B
perpetually adv.持久地，永恒地
Monarchy 两个意思：1.君主政体（一般是单数）2. 王室或王室成员（单复数都可以）
scandals 丑闻
Feature 这个单词做动词两个意思：
(1)刊登
The newspaper features this article.
(2) 以…为特色
This product features the low price and high quality.
2020/2/25 Tue
Technology’s defenders claim that the traditional tools of macroeconomics can’t possibly capture the magic of a smartphone. Look up from your textbooks, they tell economists: Everything is getting better except our ability to measure how much better everything is getting. But no matter how aggressively you torture the numbers, the computer age has coincided with a decline in the rate of economic growth.
思考题：
The views of economists and author on economy of computer age are_____
A. identical
B. slightly conflicting
C. complimentary
D. opposite
my answer:C true:A !!!
complimentary : 赞扬 互为补充
2020/2/26 Wed
Even if paper catalogues sent through the mail is an imperfect medium, it still might be the best way for independent businesses to avoid getting sucked into the Amazon-Google-Facebook vortex—and for internet-weary consumers to avoid seeing the whole world through the filters of the Big Three’s algorithms. “Something we talk about a lot is data-privacy issues,” Agle says,“Obviously electronic advertising is more sustainable, but it’s not necessarily better for society.”
思考题：
Agle believes that paper catalogues send by the mail is_____.
A.a much more efficient way to protect the environment
B.a wise business approach to avoid online competition
C.a good way to avoid manipulation by internet giants
D.a marketing method designed to protect consumer privacy
My answer:D ture:C
vortex：旋涡
2020/2/27 Thu
The cooperative nature of science had been understood long before Edison built the world’s first factory of invention. When Isaac Newton wrote, “If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants,” he was acknowledging that invention is a team sport, even if Newton’s team was mostly dead people.
思考题：
It can be inferred from the passage that_______
A.Edison is a solitary genius of multiple inventions.
B.Newton is not good at teamwork with living scholars.
C.Edison understood the cooperative nature of science.
D.Newton proved that Edison has borrowed ideas.
my answer: C
long before: 早在…之前；before long= soon 很快
2020/2/28 Fri
Dreaming need not be left to the unconscious.
梦不需要归于无意识。
The far more important reason we’ve engaged in these energy-intensive activities is our tendency to behave as our peers do. But here is the cause for hope: Where contagion creates a problem, it can also help solve it. Just as in the case of smoking, where peer effects aggravated and then reduced the prevalence of the practice, so too could contagion help us meet the climate challenge.
思考题：
The peer effects have caused people to______.
A.take up smoking
B.become contagious
C.be more innovative
D.consume wisely
My answer: B true:A
A. take up smoking（吸烟）
taking up 染上习惯 开始从事; 喜欢上; 开始处理; 讨论…的处理方法
contagious：如果用于疾病，那就是“传染”，但这里的意思是指传播和扩散，指的是一种影响力（通常是不良事物）
aggravated ：恶化，加剧
2020/2/29 Sat
Americans are hungering to live in extended and forged families, in ways that are new and ancient at the same time. This is a significant opportunity, a chance to thicken and broaden family relationships, a chance to allow more adults and children to live and grow under the loving gaze of a dozen pairs of eyes, and be caught, when they fall, by a dozen pairs of arms.
思考题：
According to the author, the hunger for extended families is a chance to_______.
A.create more jobs in local markets
B.build much stronger family ties
C.improve the public education
D.allow us to pursue ambitions
B nice sentences
2020/3/1 Sun
As companies try to scale up their online experimentation capacity, they often find that the obstacles are not tools and technology but shared behaviors, beliefs, and values. For every experiment that succeeds, nearly 10 don’t—and in the eyes of many organizations that emphasize efficiency, predictability, and “winning,” those failures are wasteful. To successfully innovate, companies need to make experimentation an integral part of everyday life—even when budgets are tight.
思考题：
Many organizations that emphasize efficiency have failed to__.
A.realize the importance of innovation
B.access the experimentation technology
C.create an experimentation atmosphere
D.make a feasible company budget
C!
2020/3/2 Mon
For every experiment that succeeds, nearly 10 don’t.
一次实验成功，就有10次不成功；
For every student that passes the test, nearly 4 don’t.
一个学生通过考试，就有4个通不过考试；
What makes Google v. Oracle still more intriguing is that legal scholars are genuinely uncertain of the outcome. Unlike issues such as abortion and gun control, Supreme Court justices’ views on copyright are seldom scrutinized during the appointment process, making it harder to predict how they’ll rule.
思考题：
It can be inferred from the text that___
A. the copyright case is more complicated than the case of abortion or gun control.
B. the stance of Justices on the abortion is much harder than that on copyright.
C. the legal scholars are familiar with the justices’ views on abortion or gun control.
D. Google v. Oracle case makes it harder to predict justices’ ruling on copyright.
A worng! C
genuinely 真的
scrutinize 审查
2020/3/3 Tue
On a deeper level, the gig economy is erasing what was for many the traditional goal of working: to buy free time. Instead we are being seduced and coerced into thinking that it is good to commercialize our leisure time and possessions.
思考题：
What is the author’s attitude towards the gig economy?
A.neutral
B.supportive
C.critical
D.amazing
C
2020/3/4 Wed
Instead, Harari predicts that the key skills they need to survive and thrive in the 21st century will be emotional intelligence (it is still difficult to imagine a computer caring for a sick person or a child), and the ability to deal with change. If we can predict nothing else about the future, we know that it is going to involve a rapidly accelerating pace of change, from the growth of AI to a warming climate. Coping with this level of uncertainty will require adaptability and psychological resilience.
思考题：
Harari believes that to be successful in the future one has to__.
A.have hands-on experience in the caring industry
B.command the ability to memorize tons of new facts
C.be highly skillful at a range of different professions
D.be able to persist in the face of unpleasant events
D
2020/3/5 Thu
The key element we need to survive and thrive in this century will be （主题）